HISTORICAL FACTS ABOUT STONEMASON CRAFT IN DALMATIA-Croatian coast on Adriatic sea
The art of hand stone carving, which is transferred within the Stone Masonry school in Pučišća on the island of Brač, is based on the hand processing of stone with tools that have been inherited from antiquity.The entire eastern Adriatic coast landscape is a reflection of a millennial stonemasonry tradition. In ancient quarries throughout the Adriatic, stone was harvested and exported throughout the Roman Empire.
The stonemasonry craft has been passed down for centuries from master stonemasons to apprentices who took their apprentices after gaining work experience. In 1902 The First Dalmatian Stonemason's Cooperative was founded in Pučišća. The first school for apprentices in Pučišća was opened in 1909, while from 1956 the school similar to the one today was founded and became the central stonemason's school for the whole of the former Yugoslavia. Since 1991, with the creation of the modern Croatian state, it has been operating under the name of the Stone Masonry school Pučišća.
From its foundation until today, the Stone Masonry school has nurtured and passed on to new generations the skills of hand-working stone with traditional stonemason's tools dating back to antiquity. The tools used in the school were made by one of the last blacksmiths in Pučišća and are completely adapted to local materials. Traditional stonemason's tools include: MLAT (hammer pointed on one side), PIKET (hammer pointed on both sides), MACOLA (stone hammer with two flat surfaces), PUNTARUL (pointed chisel), ŠĆAPADUR (bumper-like chisel), ŠPUNTARJOLA and BUČARDA (toothed hammers, first is more coarse), MARTELINA (fine toothed hammer), coarse chisel, fine chisel and GRADINA (toothed chisel).
The Adriatic coast and the island of Brač are dominated by naturalized Italian terminology, with numerous expressions referring to Venetian technical terminology based on the Latin substrate, and adapted to the Croatian language.
The knowledge and skills acquired at the Stone Masonry school in Pučišća on island Brač, based on traditional tools and techniques, have enabled a number of demanding restoration projects throughout the Adriatic coast. The art of hand-carving stone is a valuable intangible heritage and an inseparable part of the cultural, historical and social identity of the Adriatic.
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Umijeće ručne obrade kamena koja se prenosi u Klesarskoj školi u Pučišćima na otoku Braču temelji se na ručnim alatima naslijeđenim od davnina. Cijeli kulturni krajobraz istočne obale Jadrana odraz je tisućljetne klesarske tradicije. U starim kamenolomima po cijelom Jadranu kamen se od davnina vadio i izvozio po cijelom Rimskom Carstvu.
Klesarski zanat stoljećima se prenosio od majstora klesara na šegrta koji su nakon stjecanja radnog iskustva uzimali svoje učenike. 1902. godine u Pučišćima je osnovana Prva dalmatinska klesarska zadruga. Prva škola za učenike u Pučišćima otvorena je 1909. godine, dok je od 1956. osnovana škola slična onoj današnjoj koja je postala središnja klesarska škola za cijelu bivšu Jugoslaviju. Od 1991. godine stvaranjem moderne hrvatske države djeluje pod imenom Klesarska škola Pučišća.
Od svog osnutka do danas, Klesarska škola njegovala je i prenosila na nove generacije vještine ručnog obrađivanja kamena s tradicionalnim klesarskim alatima koji datiraju još iz antike. Alat koji se koristi u školi izradio je jedan od posljednjih kovača u Pučišćima i potpuno je prilagođen lokalnom materijalu. Tradicionalni klesarski alati uključuju: MLAT (čekić zašiljen s jedne strane), PIKET (čekić zašiljen s obje strane), MACOLA (masivni čekić s dvije ravne površine), PUNTARUL (šiljato dlijeto), ŠĆAPADUR (dlijeto nalik odbojniku), ŠPUNTARJOLA i BUČARDA (zupčasti čekići, prvi je grublji), MARTELINA (čekić sa finim zupcima), grubo dlijeto, fino dlijeto i GRADINA (nazubljeno dlijeto).
Cijelom istočnom jadranskom obalom i otokom Brač dominira naturalizirana talijanska terminologija s brojnim izrazima koji se odnose na venecijansku tehničku terminologiju. Ona se pak temelji na latinskoj podlozi, a prilagođena je hrvatskom jeziku.
Znanje i vještine stečeni u Klesarskoj školi u Pučišćima na otoku Braču temeljeni na tradicionalnim alatima i tehnikama omogućili su niz zahtjevnih restauratorskih projekata diljem jadranske obale. Umjetnost ručne obrade kamena vrijedna je nematerijalna baština i neodvojivi dio kulturnog, povijesnog i društvenog identiteta Jadrana.
